Analyzer · Sparsifire

Analyze how specific documents activate the features of the SAE. Select a dataset, a run and a document to begin.

Dataset

SAE Model

Document

Active Features

1483

MIN ACTIVATION

0.0

Details List

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Document Content

Chondroprotective Effects of Hyaluronic Acid-Chitosan Nanoparticles Containing Plasmid DNA Encoding Cytokine Response Modifier A in a Rat Knee Osteoarthritis Model.
Interleukin (IL)-1β plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA). Cytokine response modifier A (CrmA) can prevent the generation of active IL-1β. This study aimed to explore the chondroprotective effects of hyaluronic acid-chitosan nanoparticles containing plasmid DNA encoding CrmA (HA/CS-CrmA) in a rat OA model. HA/CS-CrmA nanoparticles were synthesized through the complex coacervation of cationic polymers. The characteristics, toxicity, and transfection of the nanoparticles were investigated. Furthermore, the potential effects of HA/CS-CrmA nanoparticles were evaluated via a rat anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model of OA. Cartilage damage and synovial inflammation were assessed by safranin O/fast green and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Type II collagen in cartilage was measured by immunohistochemistry, and the expression levels of IL-1β, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, and MMP-13 in synovial tissue were detected by western blot. The HA/CS-CrmA nanoparticles, which effectively entrapped plasmid DNA, showed an adequate size (100-300 nm) and a regular spherical shape. The nanoparticles safely transfected synoviocytes and released plasmid DNA in a sustained manner over 3 weeks. Additionally, HA/CS-CrmA nanoparticles significantly inhibited cartilage damage, synovial inflammation, and the loss of type II collagen induced by ACLT. The expression levels of IL-1β, MMP-3, and MMP-13 in synovial tissue were dramatically down-regulated by HA/CS-CrmA nanoparticles. These results suggested that HA/CS-CrmA nanoparticles could attenuate cartilage destruction and protect against early OA by inhibiting synovial inflammation via inhibition of IL-1β generation.

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