Analyzer · Sparsifire

Analyze how specific documents activate the features of the SAE. Select a dataset, a run and a document to begin.

Dataset

SAE Model

Document

Active Features

1588

MIN ACTIVATION

0.0

Details List

#1754 Feature 1754

#2928 Feature 2928

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#1478 Feature 1478

#3064 Surgical Complications and Physiological Stress

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#1496 Feature 1496

#1225 Feature 1225

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#2330 Feature 2330

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#1458 Feature 1458

#1123 Feature 1123

#2117 Feature 2117

#260 Feature 260

#1381 Feature 1381

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#1501 Feature 1501

#600 Feature 600

#404 Interactions and Mechanisms

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#2022 Feature 2022

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#2232 Medical Case Reports & Cancer Research

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#2222 Feature 2222

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#2176 Feature 2176

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#1786 Feature 1786

#2249 Feature 2249

#2539 Feature 2539

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Document Content

Inter- and intraindividual correlations of background abundances of (2)H, (18)O and (17)O in human urine and implications for DLW measurements.
The method of choice for measuring total energy expenditure in free-living individuals is the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. This experiment examined the behavior of natural background isotope abundance fluctuations within and between individuals over time to assess possible methods of accounting for variations in the background isotope abundances to potentially improve the precision of the DLW measurement. In this work, we measured natural background variations in (2)H, (18)O and (17)O in water from urine samples collected from 40 human subjects who resided in the same geographical area. Each subject provided a urine sample for 30 consecutive days. Isotopic abundances in the samples were measured using Off-Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy. Autocorrelation analyses demonstrated that the background isotopes in a given individual were not temporally correlated over the time scales of typical DLW studies. Using samples obtained from different individuals on the same calendar day, cross-correlation analyses demonstrated that the background variations of different individuals were not correlated in time. However, the measured ratios of the three isotopes (2)H, (18)O and (17)O were highly correlated (R(2)=0.89-0.96). Although neither specific timing of DLW water studies nor intraindividual comparisons were found to be avenues for reducing the impact of background isotope abundance fluctuations on DLW studies, strong inter-isotope correlations within an individual confirm that use of a dosing ratio of 8‰:1‰ (0.6 p.p.m.: p.p.m.) optimizes DLW precision. Theoretical implications for the possible use of (17)O measurements within a DLW study require further study.

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