Analyzer · Sparsifire

Analyze how specific documents activate the features of the SAE. Select a dataset, a run and a document to begin.

Dataset

SAE Model

Document

Active Features

1540

MIN ACTIVATION

0.0

Details List

#1512 Feature 1512

#1936 Feature 1936

#1842 Feature 1842

#1003 Feature 1003

#1933 Feature 1933

#1924 Feature 1924

#565 Feature 565

#2707 Feature 2707

#499 Feature 499

#2559 Feature 2559

#2699 Feature 2699

#1449 Feature 1449

#1164 Feature 1164

#932 Feature 932

#2829 Feature 2829

#1822 Feature 1822

#3042 Feature 3042

#2417 Feature 2417

#2070 Feature 2070

#1388 Feature 1388

#868 Feature 868

#1086 Feature 1086

#563 Feature 563

#1878 Feature 1878

#381 Feature 381

#1858 Feature 1858

#2003 Feature 2003

#2569 Feature 2569

#1711 Feature 1711

#165 Feature 165

#1153 Feature 1153

#1009 Feature 1009

#2370 Feature 2370

#2960 Feature 2960

#2342 Feature 2342

#2127 Feature 2127

#2475 Feature 2475

#2329 Feature 2329

#2917 Feature 2917

#2650 Feature 2650

#2696 Feature 2696

#2741 Feature 2741

#629 Feature 629

#2380 Feature 2380

#1285 Feature 1285

#1069 Feature 1069

#122 Feature 122

#1921 Feature 1921

#2490 Feature 2490

#1311 Molecular Mechanisms and Biological Processes

#2980 Feature 2980

#2989 Feature 2989

#2049 Feature 2049

#1947 Feature 1947

#1721 Feature 1721

#2458 Feature 2458

#398 Feature 398

#2283 Feature 2283

#2365 Feature 2365

#498 Feature 498

#845 Feature 845

#550 Feature 550

#2220 Feature 2220

#205 Feature 205

#2817 Feature 2817

#2319 Feature 2319

#1894 Feature 1894

#415 Feature 415

#249 Feature 249

#322 Feature 322

#1672 Feature 1672

#2040 Feature 2040

#1178 Feature 1178

#3066 Feature 3066

#2202 Feature 2202

#2123 Feature 2123

#677 Feature 677

#2266 Feature 2266

#1719 Feature 1719

#2215 Feature 2215

#2046 Feature 2046

#2191 Feature 2191

#2946 Feature 2946

#2447 Feature 2447

#2016 Feature 2016

#947 Feature 947

#2637 Feature 2637

#1391 Feature 1391

#1828 Feature 1828

#1015 Feature 1015

#2208 Feature 2208

#640 Feature 640

#2077 Feature 2077

#1425 Feature 1425

#2839 Feature 2839

#2353 Feature 2353

#1913 Feature 1913

#2240 Feature 2240

#749 Feature 749

#787 Feature 787

#2515 Feature 2515

#2177 Feature 2177

#2264 Feature 2264

#3057 Feature 3057

#2905 Feature 2905

#3052 Feature 3052

#1103 Feature 1103

#1457 Feature 1457

#2477 Feature 2477

#2572 Feature 2572

#467 Feature 467

#367 Feature 367

#559 Feature 559

#2838 Feature 2838

#2739 Feature 2739

#842 Feature 842

#404 Interactions and Mechanisms

#132 Feature 132

#2101 Feature 2101

#2659 Feature 2659

#2806 Feature 2806

#135 Feature 135

#2043 Feature 2043

#1023 Feature 1023

#805 Feature 805

#226 Feature 226

#1185 Feature 1185

#800 Feature 800

#2143 Feature 2143

#981 Feature 981

#621 Feature 621

#1751 Feature 1751

#2568 Feature 2568

#740 Feature 740

#814 Feature 814

#1609 Feature 1609

#1510 Feature 1510

#126 Feature 126

#798 Feature #798

#1766 Feature 1766

#2676 Feature 2676

#491 Feature 491

#1790 Feature 1790

#890 Feature 890

#354 Feature 354

#2020 Feature 2020

#3048 Feature 3048

#895 Feature 895

#2398 Feature 2398

#977 Feature 977

#1484 Feature 1484

#1722 Feature 1722

#220 Feature 220

#2620 Feature 2620

#594 Feature 594

#1020 Feature 1020

#1223 Feature 1223

#580 Feature 580

#1698 Feature 1698

#2327 Feature 2327

#1801 Feature 1801

#1398 Feature 1398

#2430 Feature 2430

#1478 Feature 1478

#2516 Feature 2516

#1167 Feature 1167

#264 Feature 264

#2614 Feature #2614

#1112 Feature 1112

#1029 Feature 1029

#2848 Feature 2848

#1171 Feature 1171

#930 Feature 930

#897 Feature 897

#2286 Feature 2286

#1508 Feature 1508

#261 Feature 261

#108 Feature 108

#1775 Feature 1775

#1253 Feature 1253

#2631 Feature 2631

#870 Feature 870

#1338 Feature 1338

#1237 Feature 1237

#2188 Feature 2188

#1160 Feature 1160

#1077 Feature 1077

#644 Feature 644

#707 Feature 707

#1330 Feature 1330

#986 Feature 986

#674 Feature 674

#898 Feature 898

#191 Feature 191

#434 Feature 434

#1676 Feature 1676

#1974 Feature 1974

#2360 Feature 2360

#2139 Feature 2139

#2067 Feature 2067

#2562 Feature 2562

#975 Feature 975

#2908 Feature 2908

#206 Feature 206

#2874 Feature 2874

#1107 Feature 1107

#2670 Feature 2670

#2132 Feature 2132

#543 Feature 543

#3004 Feature 3004

#2471 Feature 2471

#2379 Feature 2379

#2812 Feature 2812

#743 Feature 743

#3061 Feature 3061

#2810 Feature 2810

#161 Feature 161

#1836 Feature 1836

#536 Feature 536

#2862 Feature 2862

#2658 Feature 2658

#1640 Feature 1640

#952 Feature 952

#1053 Feature 1053

#1613 Feature 1613

#2534 Feature 2534

#505 Feature 505

#1861 Feature 1861

#1542 Feature 1542

#622 Feature 622

#1104 Feature 1104

#2355 Feature 2355

#2117 Feature 2117

#995 Feature 995

#1685 Feature 1685

#535 Feature 535

#2947 Feature 2947

#1406 Feature 1406

#1668 Feature 1668

#2010 Feature 2010

#731 Feature 731

#3032 Feature 3032

#177 Feature 177

#419 Feature 419

#1320 Feature 1320

#2317 Feature 2317

#242 Feature 242

#349 Feature 349

#546 Feature 546

#1091 Feature 1091

#921 Feature 921

#509 Feature 509

#158 Feature 158

#2957 Feature 2957

#1464 Feature 1464

#1854 Feature 1854

#233 Feature 233

#2125 Feature 2125

#183 Feature 183

#1686 Feature 1686

#2047 Feature 2047

#2740 Feature 2740

#2384 Feature 2384

#2587 Feature 2587

#831 Feature 831

#2136 Feature 2136

#1633 Feature 1633

#1027 Feature 1027

#925 Feature 925

#1261 Feature 1261

#341 Feature 341

#838 Feature 838

#2246 Feature 2246

#635 Feature 635

#1802 Feature 1802

#474 Surgical Procedures & Gastrointestinal Issues

#701 Feature 701

#3067 Feature 3067

#1177 Feature 1177

#2791 Feature 2791

#1357 Feature 1357

#1415 Feature 1415

#2154 Feature 2154

#1522 Feature 1522

#2499 Feature 2499

#1849 Feature 1849

#839 Feature 839

#125 Feature 125

#163 Feature 163

#2593 Feature 2593

#1370 Feature 1370

#3027 Feature 3027

#2626 Feature 2626

#174 Feature 174

#2532 Feature 2532

#1591 Feature 1591

#286 Feature 286

#393 Feature 393

#1098 Feature 1098

#334 Feature 334

#742 Feature 742

#1439 Feature 1439

#2693 Feature 2693

#751 Feature 751

#1707 Feature 1707

#2107 Feature 2107

#2343 Feature 2343

#2890 Feature 2890

#1332 Feature 1332

#1749 Feature 1749

#1882 Feature 1882

#676 Feature 676

#1980 Feature 1980

#1159 Feature 1159

#2318 Feature 2318

#1874 Feature 1874

#110 Feature 110

#2876 Feature 2876

#2601 Feature 2601

#1533 Feature 1533

#2832 Feature 2832

#976 Feature 976

#184 Feature 184

#2470 Feature 2470

#2691 Feature 2691

#3022 Feature 3022

#2425 Feature 2425

#2880 Feature 2880

#221 Feature 221

#394 Feature 394

#2219 Feature 2219

#2128 Feature 2128

#425 Feature 425

#2955 Feature 2955

#1819 Feature 1819

#1720 Feature 1720

#1397 Feature 1397

#2171 Molecular and Cellular Biological Processes

#2860 Feature 2860

#1002 Feature 1002

#1417 Feature 1417

#1226 Feature 1226

#2485 Feature 2485

#2852 Feature 2852

#840 Feature 840

#2469 Feature 2469

#2756 Feature 2756

#997 Feature 997

#1869 Feature 1869

#1890 Feature 1890

#1205 Feature 1205

#820 Feature 820

#1667 Feature 1667

#2051 Feature 2051

#2164 Feature 2164

#627 Feature 627

#663 Feature 663

#2371 Feature 2371

#315 Feature 315

#1126 Feature 1126

#600 Feature 600

#1848 Feature 1848

#433 Feature 433

#1081 Feature 1081

#2882 Feature 2882

#460 Feature 460

#1835 Feature 1835

#1794 Feature 1794

#2102 Feature 2102

#1111 Feature 1111

#372 Feature 372

#769 Feature 769

#2258 Feature 2258

#1590 Feature 1590

#1458 Feature 1458

#1259 Feature 1259

#2275 Feature 2275

#910 Feature 910

#1906 Feature 1906

#756 Feature 756

#2498 Feature 2498

#1486 Feature 1486

#2871 Feature 2871

#2898 Feature 2898

#2413 Feature 2413

#1180 Feature 1180

#965 Feature 965

#1090 Feature 1090

#1145 Feature 1145

#2888 Feature 2888

#1644 Feature 1644

#1770 Feature 1770

#2789 Feature 2789

#2288 Feature 2288

#1376 Feature 1376

#1513 Feature 1513

#1829 Feature 1829

#2607 Feature 2607

#1900 Feature 1900

#812 Feature 812

#612 Feature 612

#2851 Feature 2851

#2953 Feature 2953

#2891 Feature 2891

#2303 Feature 2303

#1048 Feature 1048

#2681 Feature 2681

#788 Feature 788

#1119 Feature 1119

#490 Feature 490

#2345 Feature 2345

#1308 Feature 1308

#3029 Feature 3029

#558 Feature 558

#3015 Feature 3015

#531 Feature 531

#1658 Feature 1658

#850 Feature 850

#2804 Feature 2804

#441 Feature 441

#2688 Feature #2688

#877 Feature 877

#651 Feature 651

#2435 Feature 2435

#178 Feature 178

#201 Feature 201

#1630 Feature 1630

#1071 Feature 1071

#822 Feature 822

#244 Feature 244

#328 Feature 328

#2936 Feature 2936

#1504 Feature 1504

#844 Feature 844

#2689 Feature 2689

#1577 Feature 1577

#283 Feature 283

#1963 Feature 1963

#2457 Feature 2457

#603 Feature 603

#2263 Feature 2263

#1773 Feature 1773

#1511 Feature 1511

#2603 Instructional/Educational Content

#2231 Feature 2231

#586 Feature 586

#973 Feature 973

#514 Feature 514

#243 Feature 243

#2058 Feature 2058

#904 Feature 904

#2519 Feature 2519

#3010 Feature 3010

#2639 Feature 2639

#1760 Feature 1760

#1123 Feature 1123

#136 Feature 136

#2076 Feature 2076

#2711 Feature 2711

#1401 Feature 1401

#1634 Feature 1634

#2087 Feature 2087

#1915 Feature 1915

#1902 Feature 1902

#2124 Feature 2124

#2966 Feature 2966

#2965 Feature 2965

#824 Feature 824

#365 Feature 365

#555 Feature 555

#2991 Feature 2991

#3001 Feature 3001

#3051 Feature 3051

#2197 Feature 2197

#1216 Feature 1216

#2407 Feature 2407

#350 Feature 350

#2746 Feature 2746

#2495 Feature 2495

#2859 Feature 2859

#618 Feature 618

#1065 Feature 1065

#1277 Feature 1277

#2928 Feature 2928

#2879 Feature 2879

#1211 Feature 1211

#1530 Feature 1530

#1975 Feature 1975

#2579 Feature 2579

#417 Feature #417

#2062 Feature 2062

#337 Feature 337

#1341 Feature 1341

#604 Feature 604

#2853 Feature 2853

#302 Feature 302

#2954 Feature 2954

#774 Feature 774

#1272 Feature 1272

#1649 Feature 1649

#2633 Feature 2633

#2326 Feature 2326

#2050 Feature 2050

#786 Feature 786

#1137 Feature 1137

#3028 Feature 3028

#1780 Feature 1780

#2919 Feature 2919

#853 Feature 853

#449 Feature 449

#1246 Feature 1246

#2973 Feature 2973

#1423 Feature 1423

#1872 Feature 1872

#534 Feature 534

#1282 Feature 1282

#2528 Feature 2528

#2732 Feature 2732

#3065 Feature 3065

#2974 Feature 2974

#729 Feature 729

#1047 Feature 1047

#1402 Feature 1402

#2643 Feature 2643

#2773 Feature 2773

#1156 Feature 1156

#1746 Feature 1746

#2218 Feature 2218

#526 Feature 526

#458 Feature 458

#851 Feature 851

#1049 Feature 1049

#1101 Feature 1101

#484 Feature 484

#566 Feature 566

#2465 Feature 2465

#1731 Feature 1731

#1289 Feature 1289

#1641 Feature 1641

#198 Feature 198

#2418 Feature 2418

#375 Feature 375

#3063 Feature 3063

#2824 Feature 2824

#1732 Feature 1732

#825 Feature 825

#422 Feature 422

#2503 Feature 2503

#659 Feature 659

#713 Feature 713

#1184 Feature 1184

#561 Feature 561

#2118 Feature 2118

#1691 Feature 1691

#1759 Feature 1759

#576 Feature 576

#2468 Feature 2468

#159 Feature 159

#1183 Feature 1183

#1782 Feature 1782

#1930 Feature 1930

#2833 Feature 2833

#2776 Feature 2776

#538 Feature 538

#427 Feature 427

#918 Feature 918

#1647 Feature 1647

#142 Feature 142

#2819 Feature 2819

#2165 Feature 2165

#2721 Feature 2721

#1911 Feature 1911

#649 Feature 649

#1839 Feature 1839

#735 Feature 735

#2404 Feature 2404

#1175 Feature 1175

#245 Feature 245

#1286 Feature 1286

#1539 Feature 1539

#517 Feature 517

#1215 Feature 1215

#260 Feature 260

#2938 Feature 2938

#492 Feature 492

#358 Feature 358

#1343 Feature 1343

#1877 Feature 1877

#959 Feature 959

#1356 Feature 1356

#2233 Feature 2233

#813 Feature 813

#2987 Feature 2987

#1437 Feature 1437

#780 Feature 780

#2099 Feature 2099

#683 Feature 683

#2506 Feature 2506

#2199 Feature 2199

#741 Feature 741

#544 Feature 544

#1995 Feature 1995

#681 Feature 681

#2577 Feature 2577

#504 Feature 504

#3039 Feature 3039

#2121 Feature 2121

#785 Feature 785

#1576 Feature 1576

#2060 Feature 2060

#1333 Feature 1333

#2144 Feature 2144

#662 Feature 662

#2358 Feature 2358

#2526 Feature 2526

#1339 Feature 1339

#2642 Feature 2642

#3021 Feature 3021

#134 Feature 134

#420 Feature 420

#1143 Feature 1143

#1996 Feature 1996

#1549 Feature 1549

#185 Feature 185

#2359 Feature 2359

#396 Feature 396

#2570 Feature 2570

#279 Feature 279

#2682 Feature 2682

#1192 Feature 1192

#570 Feature 570

#688 Feature 688

#1695 Feature 1695

#2330 Feature 2330

#1793 Feature 1793

#2502 Feature 2502

#408 Feature 408

#1946 Feature 1946

#2896 Feature 2896

#1781 Feature 1781

#2983 Feature 2983

#884 Feature 884

#2308 Feature 2308

#1704 Feature 1704

#668 Feature 668

#922 Feature 922

#2446 Feature 2446

#2531 Feature 2531

#1593 Feature 1593

#1795 Feature 1795

#1777 Feature 1777

#2655 Feature 2655

#2356 Feature 2356

#2230 Feature 2230

#2307 Feature 2307

#344 Feature 344

#1727 Feature 1727

#607 Feature 607

#2444 Feature 2444

#1409 Feature 1409

#1680 Feature 1680

#1602 Feature 1602

#1496 Feature 1496

#682 Feature 682

#2276 Feature 2276

#104 Feature 104

#2466 Feature 2466

#1033 Feature 1033

#1037 Feature 1037

#1232 Feature 1232

#1410 Feature 1410

#1241 Feature 1241

#1498 Feature 1498

#980 Feature 980

#869 Feature 869

#1172 Feature 1172

#859 Feature 859

#951 Feature 951

#584 Feature 584

#2521 Feature 2521

#2222 Feature 2222

#3043 Feature 3043

#2843 Feature 2843

#2392 Feature 2392

#1066 Feature 1066

#3059 Feature 3059

#1329 Feature 1329

#106 Feature 106

#1166 Feature 1166

#1543 Feature 1543

#1085 Feature 1085

#2269 Feature 2269

#1436 Feature 1436

#269 Feature 269

#1555 Feature 1555

#2831 Feature 2831

#1716 Feature 1716

#1078 Feature 1078

#796 Feature 796

#943 Feature 943

#1489 Feature 1489

#351 Nanomaterial Synthesis and Properties

#1050 Feature 1050

#1317 Feature 1317

#2645 Feature 2645

#982 Feature 982

#442 Feature 442

#1412 Feature 1412

#1560 Feature 1560

#196 Feature 196

#2753 Feature 2753

#2461 Feature 2461

#131 Feature 131

#1466 Feature 1466

#2250 Feature 2250

#902 Feature 902

#1061 Feature 1061

#1881 Feature 1881

#444 Feature 444

#1196 Feature 1196

#1479 Feature 1479

#1831 Feature 1831

#2293 Feature 2293

#2023 Feature 2023

#502 Feature 502

#1052 Feature 1052

#447 Feature 447

#1030 Feature 1030

#931 Feature 931

#281 Feature 281

#1190 Feature 1190

#2608 Feature 2608

#2816 Feature 2816

#1188 Feature 1188

#1774 Feature 1774

#2195 Feature 2195

#1146 Feature 1146

#464 Feature 464

#2022 Feature 2022

#127 Feature 127

#1109 Feature 1109

#1624 Feature 1624

#2766 Feature 2766

#2794 Feature 2794

#263 Feature 263

#706 Feature 706

#1001 Feature 1001

#1873 Feature 1873

#2157 Feature 2157

#1917 Feature 1917

#333 Feature 333

#1024 Feature 1024

#1419 Feature 1419

#754 Feature 754

#1170 Feature 1170

#2311 Feature 2311

#2940 Feature 2940

#1074 Feature 1074

#2341 Feature 2341

#948 Feature 948

#1203 Feature 1203

#1744 Feature 1744

#872 Feature 872

#2423 Feature 2423

#2895 Feature 2895

#2992 Feature 2992

#2996 Feature 2996

#1284 Feature 1284

#2434 Feature 2434

#1838 Feature 1838

#771 Feature 771

#826 Feature 826

#2066 Feature 2066

#2405 Feature 2405

#2244 Feature 2244

#406 Feature 406

#2432 Feature 2432

#2255 Feature 2255

#2440 Feature 2440

#619 Feature 619

#1080 Feature 1080

#1138 Feature 1138

#1142 Feature 1142

#1378 Feature 1378

#2052 Feature 2052

#223 Feature 223

#129 Feature 129

#1571 Feature 1571

#2290 Feature 2290

#712 Feature 712

#1000 Feature 1000

#2069 Feature 2069

#1798 Feature 1798

#383 Feature 383

#2511 Feature 2511

#180 Feature 180

#348 Feature 348

#1778 Feature 1778

#1815 Feature 1815

#926 Feature 926

#3016 Feature 3016

#1965 Feature 1965

#413 Feature 413

#2745 Feature 2745

#230 Feature 230

#1139 Feature 1139

#1348 Feature 1348

#2976 Feature 2976

#2507 Feature 2507

#1703 Feature 1703

#1710 Feature 1710

#1296 Feature 1296

#1102 Feature 1102

#1362 Feature 1362

#2578 Feature 2578

#2344 Feature 2344

#671 Feature 671

#1837 Feature 1837

#692 Feature 692

#1864 Feature 1864

#479 Feature 479

#2298 Feature 2298

#2706 Feature 2706

#1411 Feature 1411

#794 Feature 794

#1891 Feature 1891

#620 Feature 620

#654 Feature 654

#772 Feature 772

#2618 Feature 2618

#2726 Feature 2726

#2484 Feature 2484

#2612 Feature 2612

#2324 Feature 2324

#2172 Feature 2172

#2145 Feature 2145

#1355 Feature 1355

#2856 Feature 2856

#361 Feature 361

#1395 Feature 1395

#295 Feature 295

#2114 Feature 2114

#2235 Feature 2235

#1578 Feature 1578

#2176 Feature 2176

#443 Feature 443

#1656 Feature 1656

#1752 Feature 1752

#2673 Feature 2673

#1787 Feature 1787

#2299 Feature 2299

#689 Feature 689

#808 Feature 808

#718 Feature 718

#436 Feature 436

#1013 Feature 1013

#1345 Feature 1345

#326 Feature 326

#2548 Feature 2548

#724 Feature 724

#2695 Feature 2695

#657 Feature 657

#476 Feature 476

#686 Feature 686

#255 Feature 255

#1808 Feature 1808

#1134 Feature 1134

#235 Feature 235

#1082 Feature 1082

#2488 Feature 2488

#506 Feature 506

#2705 Feature 2705

#1149 Feature 1149

#1991 Feature 1991

#2364 Feature 2364

#2680 Feature 2680

#2613 Feature 2613

#1700 Feature 1700

#646 Feature 646

#488 Feature 488

#1998 Feature 1998

#2334 Feature 2334

#1380 Feature 1380

#595 Feature 595

#463 Feature 463

#1294 Feature 1294

#2147 Feature 2147

#301 Feature 301

#515 Feature 515

#2765 Feature 2765

#924 Feature 924

#1455 Feature 1455

#747 Feature 747

#2796 Feature 2796

#387 Feature 387

#2325 Feature 2325

#2411 Feature 2411

#395 Feature 395

#778 Feature 778

#3014 Feature 3014

#2790 Feature 2790

#1430 Feature 1430

#329 Feature 329

#2564 Feature 2564

#1554 Feature 1554

#581 Feature 581

#809 Feature 809

#1505 Feature 1505

#626 Feature 626

#2019 Feature 2019

#2021 Feature 2021

#1867 Feature 1867

#2057 Feature 2057

#423 Feature 423

#2850 Feature 2850

#1471 Feature 1471

#1621 Feature 1621

#672 Feature 672

#1971 Feature 1971

#1434 Feature 1434

#1726 Feature 1726

#1518 Feature 1518

#680 Feature 680

#767 Feature 767

#2934 Feature 2934

#589 Feature 589

#435 Feature 435

#2094 Feature 2094

#2995 Feature 2995

#2761 Feature 2761

#2597 Feature 2597

#2869 Feature 2869

#3018 Feature 3018

#2594 Feature 2594

#1526 Feature 1526

#303 Feature 303

#272 Feature 272

#1669 Feature 1669

#894 Feature 894

#2036 Feature 2036

#1851 Feature 1851

#1459 Feature 1459

#2224 Feature 2224

#1290 Feature 1290

#2163 Feature 2163

#1492 Feature 1492

#1161 Feature 1161

#1574 Feature 1574

#1058 Feature 1058

#1293 Feature 1293

#913 Feature 913

#292 Feature 292

#2328 Feature 2328

#448 Feature 448

#2878 Feature 2878

#803 Feature 803

#1279 Feature 1279

#758 Feature 758

#1713 Feature 1713

#246 Feature 246

#854 Feature 854

#2178 Feature 2178

#1502 Feature 1502

#1113 Feature 1113

#1896 Feature 1896

#1928 Feature 1928

#2719 Feature 2719

#2622 Feature 2622

#1227 Feature 1227

#1476 Feature 1476

#1470 Feature 1470

#519 Feature 519

#2722 Feature 2722

#1586 Feature 1586

#815 Feature 815

#1399 Feature 1399

#915 Feature 915

#927 Feature 927

#465 Feature 465

#319 Feature 319

#1485 Feature 1485

#2415 Feature 2415

#2214 Feature 2214

#2184 Feature 2184

#2932 Feature 2932

#2547 Feature 2547

#1884 Feature 1884

#3019 Feature 3019

#1094 Feature 1094

#806 Feature 806

#1557 Feature 1557

#2316 Feature #2316

#1249 Feature 1249

#2909 Feature 2909

#1165 Feature 1165

#2081 Feature 2081

#1276 Feature 1276

#2904 Feature 2904

#216 Feature 216

#2226 Feature 2226

#455 Feature 455

#1785 Feature 1785

#1349 Feature 1349

#1967 Feature 1967

#256 Feature 256

#1951 Feature 1951

#1515 Feature 1515

#1702 Feature 1702

#2156 Feature 2156

#1041 Feature 1041

#2331 Feature 2331

#2823 Feature 2823

#1876 Feature 1876

#545 Feature 545

#1611 Feature 1611

#1763 Feature 1763

#1950 Feature 1950

#1456 Feature 1456

#1701 Feature 1701

#2189 Feature 2189

#2443 Feature 2443

#588 Feature 588

#1909 Feature 1909

#885 Feature 885

#2663 Feature 2663

#3023 Feature 3023

#957 Feature 957

#2285 Feature 2285

#306 Feature 306

#601 Feature 601

#560 Feature 560

#2828 Feature 2828

#2715 Feature 2715

#2730 Feature 2730

#222 Feature 222

#2825 Feature 2825

#2863 Feature 2863

#632 Feature 632

#3047 Feature 3047

#2805 Feature 2805

#1267 Feature 1267

#2497 Feature 2497

#371 Feature 371

#2174 Feature 2174

#500 Feature 500

#645 Feature 645

#377 Feature 377

#2714 Feature 2714

#2018 Feature 2018

#411 Feature 411

#1592 Feature 1592

#312 Feature 312

#1908 Feature 1908

#2467 Feature 2467

#241 Feature 241

#2512 Feature 2512

#2602 Feature 2602

#2419 Feature 2419

#2193 Feature 2193

#1660 Feature 1660

#1537 Feature 1537

#1595 Feature 1595

#1843 Feature 1843

#2795 Feature 2795

#1369 Feature 1369

#1582 Feature 1582

#2249 Feature 2249

#816 Feature 816

#251 Feature 251

#605 Feature 605

#1964 Feature 1964

#2462 Feature #2462

#1262 Feature 1262

#871 Feature 871

#1547 Feature 1547

#2242 Feature 2242

#2718 Feature 2718

#1280 Feature 1280

#342 Feature 342

#2456 Feature 2456

#1934 Feature 1934

#2061 Feature 2061

#373 Feature 373

#2671 Feature 2671

#3037 Feature 3037

#2801 Feature 2801

#1709 Feature 1709

#661 Feature 661

#195 Feature 195

#2037 Feature 2037

#1375 Feature 1375

#2149 Feature 2149

#2162 Feature 2162

#2437 Feature 2437

#1904 Feature 1904

#533 Feature 533

#1652 Feature 1652

#508 Feature 508

#2638 Feature 2638

#103 Feature 103

#2386 Feature 2386

#2009 Feature 2009

#418 Feature 418

#1729 Feature 1729

#1021 Feature 1021

#2133 Feature 2133

#2907 Feature 2907

#860 Feature 860

#2038 Feature 2038

#2044 Feature 2044

#2309 Feature 2309

#2403 Feature 2403

#1099 Feature 1099

#764 Feature 764

#1846 Feature 1846

#259 Feature 259

#1070 Feature 1070

#2841 Feature 2841

#569 Feature 569

#364 Feature 364

#1152 Feature 1152

#2103 Feature 2103

#2297 Feature 2297

#401 Feature 401

#2140 Feature 2140

#2758 Feature 2758

#1783 Feature 1783

#2893 Feature 2893

#556 Feature 556

#2351 Feature 2351

#2768 Feature 2768

#1541 Feature 1541

#3046 Feature 3046

#2762 Feature 2762

#2513 Feature 2513

#938 Feature 938

#2439 Feature 2439

#1670 Feature 1670

#202 Feature 202

#833 Feature 833

#1318 Feature 1318

#781 Feature 781

#266 Feature 266

#1814 Feature 1814

#1127 Feature 1127

#388 Feature 388

#280 Feature 280

#1895 Feature 1895

#2352 Feature 2352

#709 Feature 709

#2842 Feature 2842

#403 Feature 403

#1141 Feature 1141

#1776 Feature 1776

#321 Feature 321

#2894 Feature 2894

#356 Feature 356

#1689 Feature 1689

#347 Feature 347

#1615 Feature 1615

#2868 Feature 2868

#2748 Feature 2748

#282 Feature 282

#2981 Feature 2981

#2742 Feature 2742

#1463 Feature 1463

#1550 Feature 1550

#3003 Feature 3003

#360 Feature 360

#1604 Feature 1604

#2556 Feature 2556

#1014 Feature 1014

#1886 Feature 1886

#1741 Feature 1741

#1885 Feature 1885

#1288 Feature 1288

#2925 Feature 2925

#2885 Feature 2885

#400 Feature 400

#1337 Feature 1337

#2272 Feature 2272

#2686 Feature 2686

#1516 Feature 1516

#1620 Feature 1620

#962 Feature 962

#1866 Feature 1866

#1824 Feature 1824

#1579 Feature 1579

#916 Feature 916

#823 Feature 823

#1503 Feature 1503

#2669 Feature 2669

#552 Feature 552

#510 Feature 510

#1315 Feature 1315

#939 Feature 939

#2389 Feature 2389

#2798 Feature 2798

#1452 Feature 1452

#352 Feature 352

#2181 Feature 2181

#881 Feature 881

#1982 Feature 1982

#1880 Feature 1880

#1608 Feature 1608

#1556 Feature 1556

#117 Feature 117

#1336 Feature 1336

#1316 Feature 1316

#2672 Feature 2672

#1939 Feature 1939

#2265 Feature 2265

#983 Feature 983

#2487 Feature 2487

#145 Feature 145

#2245 Feature 2245

#2429 Feature 2429

#2183 Feature 2183

#2096 Feature 2096

#537 Feature 537

#1390 Feature 1390

#1454 Feature 1454

#2774 Feature 2774

#2134 Feature 2134

#462 Feature 462

#2111 Feature 2111

#194 Feature 194

#1662 Feature 1662

#1993 Feature 1993

#616 Feature 616

#608 Feature 608

#1580 Feature 1580

#1673 Feature 1673

#2545 Feature 2545

#974 Feature 974

#828 Feature 828

#1324 Feature 1324

#2527 Feature 2527

#2137 Feature 2137

#409 Feature 409

#1125 Feature 1125

#150 Feature 150

#1038 Feature 1038

#2274 Feature 2274

#2786 Feature 2786

#3054 Feature 3054

#3024 Feature 3024

#1310 Feature 1310

#2024 Feature 2024

#1567 Feature 1567

#1690 Feature 1690

#1916 Feature 1916

#966 Feature 966

#2217 Feature 2217

#1442 Feature 1442

#1359 Feature 1359

#670 Feature 670

#338 Feature 338

#1248 Feature 1248

#1087 Feature 1087

#2728 Feature 2728

#1805 Feature 1805

#2454 Feature 2454

#1242 Feature 1242

#1632 Feature 1632

#1240 Feature 1240

#1535 Feature 1535

#664 Feature 664

#1424 Feature 1424

#1596 Feature 1596

#1483 Feature 1483

#2410 Feature 2410

#1461 Feature 1461

#2056 Feature 2056

#363 Feature 363

#799 Feature 799

#254 Feature 254

#1723 Feature 1723

#2126 Feature 2126

#2872 Feature 2872

#2875 Feature 2875

#2861 Feature 2861

#2668 Feature 2668

#1011 Feature 1011

#972 Feature 972

#1600 Feature 1600

#2918 Feature 2918

#2483 Feature 2483

#2533 Feature 2533

#1903 Feature 1903

#1350 Feature 1350

#1938 Feature 1938

#1346 Feature 1346

#1757 Feature 1757

#2764 Feature 2764

#2346 Feature 2346

#887 Feature 887

#667 Feature 667

#2073 Feature 2073

#430 Feature 430

#763 Feature 763

#2985 Feature 2985

#2792 Feature 2792

#1097 Feature 1097

#2661 Feature 2661

#107 Feature 107

#2449 Feature 2449

#1448 Feature 1448

#1250 Feature 1250

#773 Feature 773

#2950 Feature 2950

#2381 Feature 2381

#1558 Feature 1558

#1517 Feature 1517

#1548 Feature 1548

#1273 Feature 1273

#2284 Feature 2284

#1095 Feature 1095

#1955 Feature 1955

#2048 Feature 2048

#1321 Feature 1321

#1393 Feature 1393

#2161 Medical/Scientific Discourse with Ethical/Social Implications

#2647 Feature 2647

#861 Feature 861

#852 Feature 852

#1377 Feature 1377

#2698 Feature 2698

#1117 Feature 1117

#1042 Feature 1042

#2450 Feature 2450

#2085 Feature 2085

#2840 Feature 2840

#1844 Feature 1844

#2586 Feature 2586

#770 Feature 770

#2400 Feature 2400

#160 Feature 160

#1428 Feature 1428

#179 Feature 179

#146 Feature 146

#392 Feature 392

#232 Feature 232

#1342 Feature 1342

#167 Feature 167

#2827 Feature 2827

#452 Feature 452

#1607 Feature 1607

#2616 Feature 2616

#1528 Feature 1528

#100 Feature 100

#3006 Feature 3006

#934 Feature 934

#1614 Feature 1614

#1163 Feature 1163

#496 Feature 496

#547 Feature 547

#2463 Feature 2463

#1422 Feature 1422

#2332 Feature 2332

#1941 Feature 1941

#1012 Feature 1012

#2899 Feature 2899

#989 Feature 989

#2523 Feature 2523

#1131 Feature 1131

#3071 Feature 3071

#2931 Feature 2931

#656 Feature 656

#164 Feature 164

#2561 Feature 2561

#776 Feature 776

#1618 Feature 1618

#971 Feature 971

#1743 Feature 1743

#886 Feature 886

#1664 Feature 1664

#598 Feature 598

#305 Feature 305

#101 Feature 101

#2580 Feature 2580

#2997 Feature 2997

#1228 Feature 1228

#599 Feature 599

#2300 Feature 2300

#1233 Feature 1233

#1501 Feature 1501

#2648 Feature 2648

#1817 Feature 1817

#2615 Feature 2615

#229 Feature 229

#1446 Feature 1446

#2008 Feature 2008

#1953 Feature 1953

#3064 Surgical Complications and Physiological Stress

#1525 Feature 1525

#1923 Feature 1923

#2892 Feature 2892

#867 Feature 867

#710 Feature 710

#2646 Feature 2646

#811 Feature 811

#690 Feature 690

#1584 Feature 1584

#1035 Feature 1035

#1089 Feature 1089

#300 Feature 300

#231 Feature 231

#2509 Feature 2509

#1883 Feature 1883

#1532 Feature 1532

#609 Feature 609

#1092 Feature 1092

#2205 Feature 2205

#1944 Feature 1944

#720 Feature 720

#705 Feature 705

#1453 Feature 1453

#880 Feature 880

#1055 Feature 1055

#277 Feature 277

#2378 Feature 2378

#173 Feature 173

#2915 Feature 2915

#979 Feature 979

#2557 Feature 2557

#416 Feature 416

#2248 Feature 2248

#2535 Feature 2535

#700 Feature 700

#2287 Feature 2287

#673 Feature 673

#2920 Feature 2920

#2198 Feature 2198

#2262 Feature 2262

#297 Feature 297

#2708 Feature 2708

#407 Feature 407

#1162 Feature 1162

#1500 Feature 1500

#485 Feature 485

#2752 Feature 2752

#1610 Feature 1610

#2621 Feature 2621

#1733 Feature 1733

#2122 Feature 2122

#2780 Feature 2780

#1136 Feature 1136

#2906 Feature 2906

#1754 Feature 1754

#1124 Feature 1124

#2546 Feature 2546

#2609 Feature 2609

#1490 Feature 1490

#750 Feature 750

#2367 Feature 2367

#2984 Feature 2984

#1966 Feature 1966

#2772 Feature 2772

#2160 Feature 2160

#878 Feature 878

#2011 Feature 2011

#1810 Feature 1810

#2757 Feature 2757

#1450 Feature 1450

#2979 Feature 2979

#2406 Feature 2406

#2146 Feature 2146

#271 Feature 271

#637 Feature 637

#275 Feature 275

#1480 Feature 1480

#760 Feature 760

#1303 Feature 1303

#1043 Feature 1043

#1708 Feature 1708

#955 Feature 955

#961 Feature 961

#314 Feature 314

#2865 Feature 2865

#2267 Feature 2267

#611 Feature 611

#2459 Feature 2459

#883 Feature 883

#2221 Feature 2221

#1764 Feature 1764

#362 Feature 362

#2576 Feature 2576

#309 Feature 309

#2763 Feature 2763

#613 Feature 613

Document Content

The toxic effect of fluoride on MG-63 osteoblast cells is also dependent on the production of nitric oxide.
Some soda-lime-phospho-silicate glasses, such as Hench's Bioglass(®) 45S5, form bone-like apatite on their surface when bound to living bone. To improve their osteointegration for clinical purposes, the fluoride insertion in their structure has been proposed, but we recently showed that fluoride causes oxidative damage in human MG-63 osteoblasts, via inhibition of pentose phosphate oxidative pathway (PPP) and its key enzyme glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). In the same cells we have now investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in these effects. Fluoride-containing bioactive glasses and NaF caused, as expected, release of lactate dehydrogenase in the extracellular medium, accumulation of intracellular malonyldialdehyde, inhibition of PPP and G6PD: we have now observed that these effects were significantly reverted not only by superoxide dismutase (SOD) plus catalase (scavengers of reactive oxygen species), but also by N-monomethyl l-arginine (l-NMMA, a NOS inhibitor) and 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5,-tetramethylimidazoline-1oxyl 3-oxide (PTIO, a NO scavenger). Moreover the two highest concentrations of both fluoride-containing bioglasses and NaF caused increase of nitrite (a stable derivative of NO) levels in the culture supernatant, which was inhibited by l-NMMA, erythrocytes, PTIO and SOD/catalase, and increase of intracellular NO synthase (NOS) activity. The incubation with bioglasses or NaF increased also the phosphorylation of Ser(1177) in the endothelial NOS isoform. Furthermore, the NO donor spermine NONOate was able to inhibit G6PD activity in vitro, and this effect was partly reverted by PTIO. Therefore our results suggest that most cytotoxic effects of fluoride are mediated by the production of NO: reactive oxygen species are important, causing NOS phosphorylation. We also observed, for the first time, that Tempol, but not SOD/catalase, besides inhibiting the oxidative stress induced by fluoride, also scavenges fluoride ions. For this reason it is not a selective inhibitor of the oxidative effects of fluoride.

Similar Documents